Peptides
A real research frontier. Many compounds are research-only; regulation is patchy; mechanism papers are strong, human trials thin for most.
Proposed mechanism
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that act as signaling molecules. They can influence tissue repair, immune modulation, growth hormone release, gut barrier integrity, and metabolic signaling. Routes include subcutaneous injection, oral, and nasal.
Strongest evidence
Thymosin alpha-1 has meta-analytic support for immunomodulation. BPC-157 shows consistent preclinical tissue repair data across multiple models. Ipamorelin/CJC-1295 have human pharmacokinetic data but limited outcome trials. Most other peptides (TB-500, MOTS-c, Epitalon) remain primarily preclinical.
What's contested or hyped
Anti-aging claims, cognitive enhancement claims, and 'stack' protocols promoted online lack human trial support. Quality and purity of compounded peptides varies widely. Many products sold are research-grade, not pharmaceutical-grade.
Biome describes modalities; it does not recommend protocols, products, or providers. Consult qualified clinicians for medical decisions.