Prescription · nsaids
NSAIDs
Ibuprofen · Naproxen · Aspirin (low-dose) · Celecoxib
Mechanism
Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation.
Environmental footprint
Reduces protective stomach lining prostaglandins. Can raise blood pressure. Long-term use stresses kidney filtration.
What the evidence shows
Effective for pain and inflammation. GI bleeding risk increases with age and duration. Chronic use associated with kidney function decline and cardiovascular events in some populations.
Systems affected
Biome maps medication footprints; it does not recommend starting, stopping, or changing any prescription. Always consult your prescriber or pharmacist.