Puberty

Rapid hormonal and structural changes establishing adult body composition and reproductive capacity.

Environment changes

• Growth hormone and sex hormone surges
• Sleep architecture shifts (delayed phase)
• Increased caloric and protein needs
• Social environment becomes primary stressor

Key considerations

• Sleep needs remain high (8–10 hours)
• Nutrition quality affects bone density permanently
• Movement and load-bearing activity critical for peak bone mass
• Mental health screening appropriate