Aging

Cumulative environmental load meets biological senescence. Every system slows.

Environment changes

• Reduced muscle protein synthesis (anabolic resistance)
• Decreased immune surveillance
• Shortened telomeres and cellular senescence
• Reduced sleep efficiency
• Accumulated exposure load

Key considerations

• Protein needs may increase (1.2–1.6g/kg)
• Fall prevention through balance and strength
• Social connection becomes mortality-critical
• Purpose and cognitive engagement protect against decline
• Polypharmacy review regularly