Mediterranean
The deepest evidence base for cardiovascular and all-cause outcomes.
Evidence base
PREDIMED trial and multiple large cohort studies show consistent reductions in cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Cochrane reviews support the pattern for heart disease prevention.
Mechanisms
- High polyphenol and omega-3 intake
- Anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile
- High fiber supporting gut microbiome
- Reduced processed food load
Studied populations
- Mediterranean basin populations
- PREDIMED trial participants (Spain)
- Nurses' Health Study cohorts
Likely strengths
- Strongest long-term outcome data of any dietary pattern
- Flexible and culturally adaptable
- Well-tolerated across age groups
Open questions
- Optimal olive oil quantity
- Wine inclusion: benefit or confound?
- Individual response variation